It is understood that although Brazil is located in the Southern Hemisphere and in the tropics, under normal circumstances, Brazil experiences four seasons a year, with winter arriving from June to September each year.

Moreover, cities such as Curitiba, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Vitória will experience temperature drops, with declines potentially exceeding 10°C, and temperatures likely ranging around 10°C to 17°C.

However, according to data from Epagri/Ciram, the agency monitoring weather in Santa Catarina state, the city of Bom Jardim da Serra in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina recorded a minimum morning temperature of 1.95°C, while Urupema, also in the state, registered just 2.52°C in the morning. According to the civil defense department, these conditions already indicate frost occurrence. Based on department data, temperatures as low as 5°C were recorded in the mountainous areas and high-altitude western regions of Santa Catarina state, as well as in some parts of Paraná state, which are sufficient to cause frost. As a result, a warning was issued advising local residents and farmers to be vigilant against the impact of frost on crops.

In addition to concerns about recent weather changes, there are also worries about the future. According to the latest weather forecast from the Meteorological Bureau's Climate Prediction Center, La Niña conditions are expected to form during the June to August period, and these La Niña conditions will persist throughout the second half of the year.

In Brazil, it is predicted that the return of La Niña may lead to reduced rainfall and cooler temperatures in the southeastern region, while the northeastern region will experience increased rainfall and humidity. The cold weather could cause a rapid drop in temperatures in coffee-growing areas and other agricultural regions, potentially bringing frost damage that would harm the yield of coffee and other agricultural products for the current and future seasons.

According to botanical experts, when frost occurs, the sudden drop in temperature causes the water inside plant cells to crystallize, forming sharp crystals that pierce the inner cell membranes and cell walls, damaging the plant cells. It can also harm plants in dormancy, destroying cell walls and tissue structures, preventing them from growing and flowering normally. Frost can also cause varying degrees of damage to crop fruits, leading to reduced fruit quality, deformation, skin cracking, and ultimately affecting agricultural yields.