According to a report by Brazil's meteorological authorities on August 9, a new cold front has formed in southern Brazil, and maximum temperatures in some state capitals are expected to plunge by 14°C in the coming days.This polar cold front has already advanced toward the southeast, and since Brazil has been drier and hotter than usual this year, this cold front is the first cold front this year to cover all states in the Midwest and Southeast.

At present, according to data from Brazil's National Institute of Meteorology, temperature changes have already appeared in southern and southwestern Mato Grosso, as well as southern and southeastern São Paulo, and are advancing into other states in the Midwest, the rest of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. This cold front will cover most of Brazil, and even parts of the north will be affected, and this cold front is relatively strong, causing temperatures to drop across most of Brazil.

In some states, the temperature drop will be very large, such as in Paraná, where minimum temperatures in some areas may fall to 2°C, while in parts of São Paulo they may fall to 6°C, and temperatures in mountainous areas may be even lower. These states may also set record low temperatures.

In addition, the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology warned that frost trends will emerge as cold, dry air advances, since this cold air increases the likelihood of winter rainfall in the South and Southeast.

Currently, frost is more likely in the central-eastern and southern parts of Mato Grosso do Sul in southern Brazil, most of São Paulo state, parts of Minas Gerais state, and the mountainous areas of Rio de Janeiro, while localized snowfall may also occur in the mountainous areas of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.

Earlier, Brazil reported that drought had caused production to fall short of expectations, and Brazil is now worried about the impending return of La Niña. According to meteorological department data, water temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific continue to decline, and this cooling trend will persist for several months, so the development trend of La Niña is strengthening and it could appear as early as mid-to-late August.

The return of La Niña will intensify severe weather in southeastern Brazil, reducing rainfall and lowering temperatures, and frost conditions in Brazil will become more severe. The Southeast is Brazil's main coffee-producing region, so the possibility of falling temperatures and frost will seriously damage Brazil's coffee production and quality.

As the world's largest coffee producer and exporter, Brazil saw arabica and robusta coffee futures prices soar after it reported that frost would occur. In addition, the International Coffee Organization also released its July coffee report, saying that the July coffee price index had risen 48.9% compared with the same period last year, and prices remain high even though coffee export volumes increased 3.8% compared with the same period last year. At present, coffee production in many countries is still not optimistic, and with the impact of the impending La Niña, prices may rise further.